Everything You Need To Know About Timber Fencing
If you're planning to install a timber fence, you need to know a few things before you start. The following guide will help you select the right wood for your fence, considering factors like cost, durability, and intended use. It will provide insights into wood fencing, as well as tips for maintenance and environmental considerations.
You will learn about the different types of timber used for fencing, including durable hardwoods like Ironbark and Spotted Gum and practical softwoods like Treated Pine and Cypress. This guide is packed with valuable information to help you make informed decisions when installing a new timber fence.
What is Timber Fencing, and Which Types of Timber Are Commonly Used?
Timber fencing, as the name suggests, is fencing that has been constructed from wood. It’s known for its aesthetic appeal and durability and can be crafted from a variety of types of timber. Its versatility, rustic charm and ability to blend seamlessly into any landscape make it an extremely popular choice for many homeowners.
In Australia, there are several types of timber commonly used for fencing due to their durability, aesthetic appeal, and resistance to the climate. Some of the most popular choices include:
Hardwoods like Ironbark, Tallowwood, and Blackbutt are popular for fencing due to their durability, resistance to rot and insects, and unique grain patterns.
Softwoods, particularly Treated Pine and Cypress, are cost-effective and easy to install. Cypress, a native Australian softwood, is highly sought-after for its durability and natural rot resistance.
How do I choose the right type of timber for my fence?
To choose the right type of timber for your fence or gate, do a little research to understand what is ideal for your requirements. Consider the use, durability, and cost. These are the primary factors that will determine the best options for your needs and budget.
Hardwoods, such as Ironbark, Spotted Gum, Forest Redgum and Blackbutt are best for post and rail fencing due to their high resistance to termites, rot, and decay and their ability to withstand knocks and bumps. They have a durability rating of Class 1 & 2 — the best you can get – and a 50mm stake can last in the ground for over 25 years.
Victorian Cypress is a cost-effective softwood, though less durable than hardwood. It's typically used for post and rail fencing and has a lifespan of 20+ years above ground and 8-15 years in-ground. It's recommended to coat in-ground portions with a bitumen-based coating to increase its lifespan.
For timber gates, Queensland Cypress Pine is a remarkably enduring softwood. It's a highly attractive and durable timber that is termite-resistant and lighter than hardwood, making it perfect for gates. This timber has a durability rating of Class 1 above ground and can last for over 50 years.
Ultimately, the best timber for your fence depends on its application and your budget.
What are the benefits of using timber for fencing?
There are many benefits of installing timber fencing; some of the key advantages include:
Natural Aesthetic Appeal — Timber fencing offers a natural, rustic charm to any property. Its versatility allows it to complement a variety of architectural styles.
Durability — Certain types of Australian timber, such as Ironbark and Tallowwood, are known for their strength and longevity. They can withstand harsh weather conditions and naturally resist decay.
Easy Installation — Timber fencing is relatively easier to install than other fencing materials.
Cost-Effective — Although the price of timber can vary depending on the type, it’s generally cost-effective, especially when considering its longevity and the value it adds to a property.
Environmentally-Friendly — Timber is regarded as the most renewable building material. In Australia, once trees are harvested, they are replanted to ensure sustainable forestry practices.
Customisable — Timber fences can be easily customised to suit individual preferences. They can be cut to any desired size and shape.
Efficient — Certain types of fencing, such as posts and rails, do not require fasteners.
What is the cheapest timber to use for a fence?
The most budget-friendly option for timber fencing in Australia is often Treated Pine due to its availability, workability, and resistance to decay and termites. Though the upfront cost may be lower, maintenance costs may add up, as treated pine doesn't have the same longevity as some premium hardwoods. When opting for treated pine, factor in the long-term maintenance costs and the initial price.
What is the most durable type of wood fence that lasts the longest?
The longevity of a wood fence largely depends on the type of timber used.
Many Australian hardwoods, such as Ironbark or Spotted Gum, known for their resilience and durability, can last over 15 years if properly maintained. These species are naturally resistant to rot and pests, contributing to their long lifespan.
Softwoods like Pine, on the other hand, although cheaper, have a shorter lifespan, averaging around 8-15 years (in the ground) due to their susceptibility to environmental factors and pests. However, these can last longer with proper treatment and maintenance, such as staining or sealing.
Ultimately, the longevity of your wood fence will also be influenced by factors like climate, soil type, and the quality of installation.
What is the best low-maintenance wood for fencing?
The best low-maintenance woods for fencing in Australia include Ironbark, Spotted Gum, Queensland White Cypress, and in some cases, Treated Pine.
Treated Pine is popular due to its durability and resistance to termites and decay.
Hardwoods like Ironbark are incredibly sturdy and require minimal upkeep.
Cypress pine also offers a natural resistance to termites and decay and requires less maintenance than other types of timber.
Each of these woods can withstand Australia's harsh environmental conditions, offering longevity and aesthetic appeal with minimal upkeep.
What is the recommended depth for a wooden fence?
The depth at which a wooden fence should be installed depends on factors such as the fence's height, construction, and soil type.
As a rule of thumb, about one-third of the total length of the fence post should be buried into the ground to ensure stability. For example, if you are installing a 1.2-metre fence, a common height for lifestyle timber fences, the posts should be roughly 1.8 metres long, with about 60 centimetres embedded in the ground.
This depth can provide a good balance between stability and resistance against wind forces. However, it may be necessary to go deeper or use bigger concrete footings for added stability in areas with loose or sandy soil.
What factors should I consider when selecting timber gates?
When choosing timber gates, consider the following factors:
Purpose of the gate. Whether it's for security, privacy or containing animals, the design should reflect this.
Determine who or what will use the gate. This will help decide the size and type of gate needed.
Consider the location of your gate. The terrain, weather conditions, and soil type can affect the type of gate you need.
Decide whether you want automatic opening and closing mechanisms. This can make using your gate much easier, especially in adverse weather conditions.
Consider the height of your gate. A taller gate, for instance, can provide more security.
Take into account the weight of your gate. It needs to be strong but not overly heavy to avoid straining the posts and hinges.
Choose a design that matches your property and its surroundings.
Decide whether you want a sliding or swinging gate, depending on the layout of your property.
Consider professional installation to ensure your gate is installed correctly and safely.
Maintenance and durability. Timber gates can age beautifully but require proper construction, care, and maintenance to prevent twisting, cracking, and rotting.
How do I install a mortised post and rail timber fence?
The installation of a post and rail timber fence can be broken down into the following ten steps:
Gather necessary tools, including an auger/drill, crowbar, spade, tape measure, level, pencil, hammer, chainsaw, planer (buzzer), bagged concrete, water, drill, and bugle-head batten screws.
Clear the area and verify services to the property using Before You Dig Australia or a registered service locator.
Mark out post-hole locations using a string line and spray mark. Divide the fence length by the number of bays to determine post spacing.
Drill holes using an excavator, ensuring they are straight and plumb. Clean out any loose dirt.
Install end posts, ensuring they are centred in the hole and approximately 1200mm above the ground. Set posts using dirt and rapid-set concrete.
Set up a string line between the two end posts.
Install remaining posts, ensuring all posts align with the string line and are level and plumb.
Clean up around the installed posts.
Measure, cut, and fit the rails for each fencing bay, ensuring they terminate midway through each post. Insert the rails by sliding them through one post and pulling them back into the adjacent post.
If your fence isn't pre-coated, you can now apply a coating/oil or allow the finished fence to age naturally.
Is it necessary to leave a gap beneath a fence?
A gap beneath a wooden fence is recommended to enhance its durability. The gap helps prevent moisture buildup, which can speed up the decay of the timber. It is recommended to have a gap of about 50mm as it allows enough airflow to keep the lower part of the fence dry and discourages pests like termites.
If you are concerned about your pet's safety due to the gap, there are several steps you can take to ensure they are enclosed and secure. These include installing a secondary lower fence or using pet-friendly deterrents to discourage your pet from approaching the gap.
How can I extend the lifespan of my timber fence?
There are several steps you can take to help ensure your timber fence last longer, including:
Opting for high-quality, durable Australian hardwoods such as Ironbark or Spotted Gum.
Applying a penetrating timber oil, which soaks into the wood and protects it.
Regularly inspecting for signs of damage.
Using galvanised steel fasteners to avoid rust stains, and regularly checking for any looseness or corrosion.
Ensuring correct installation of posts with proper drainage.
Consider regular inspections and treatments to prevent infestations in termite-prone areas.
Landscaping around the fence to prevent grass and plants from trapping moisture against the wood.
How can I prevent warping in my wooden fence?
To prevent your wooden fence from warping, ensure it is properly installed and maintained. Make sure to:
Use Quality Timber: Choose high-quality hardwood that is resistant to moisture and pests.
Install Properly: Ensure the fence is installed correctly with proper support. This will help it withstand environmental factors and reduce the chance of warping. Don't space the posts too far apart, as this will reduce the support on the palings or rails.
Regular Maintenance: Regularly check your fence for any signs of decay or damage.
Water Drainage: Ensure the area around your fence has good drainage. Standing water can be absorbed by the wood and cause it to warp.
Sun Protection: Using a UV-protective finish can help reduce the risk of sun damage.
Regular Oiling: Oiling your fence your fence every 2–3 years can help maintain its condition and moisture content to prevent warping.
It's important to note that wood is a natural material, and some warping may occur over time despite taking preventive measures.
Is it necessary to regularly seal or treat timber fencing to prevent decay?
Timber fencing requires regular treatment to prevent decay and extend its life. Most timber fences should be oiled every 2–3 years, depending on the climate and exposure to the elements. A high-quality, weather-resistant oil can protect against UV rays, moisture, and pests. It is never a good idea to seal external timber, as this can trap moisture in the timber and stop it from naturally adjusting its moisture levels with the seasons. Instead, opt for a high-quality penetrating timber oil.
Is timber fencing environmentally friendly?
Suppliers of timber fencing in Australia follow sustainable practices, replanting harvested trees, and promoting eco-friendliness. Timber is a renewable source with a lower carbon footprint than materials like metal, plastic, or concrete.
Are there any regulations or permits needed for the installation of a timber fence?
The regulations and permits for installing timber fencing can vary based on the location in Australia, as different councils have different regulations. For more information about fence regulations in Victoria, check with your local council.
